Motocin Lantarki(EVs) suna ƙara shahara yayin da mutane da yawa suka rungumi zaɓin sufuri mai dorewa. Koyaya, wani bangare na ikon mallakar EV wanda zai iya zama ɗan ruɗani shine yawan nau'ikan masu haɗa caji da ake amfani da su a duniya. Fahimtar waɗannan masu haɗin kai, ƙa'idodin aiwatar da su, da hanyoyin caji da ake da su suna da mahimmanci don ƙwarewar caji mara wahala.
Kasashe daban-daban a duk duniya sun karɓi nau'ikan filogin caji iri-iri. Bari mu shiga cikin waɗanda aka fi sani:
Akwai nau'ikan matosai guda biyu na AC:
Nau'i 1(SAE J1772): An yi amfani da shi da farko a Arewacin Amirka da Japan, nau'in haɗin haɗin 1 yana da ƙirar fil biyar. Sun dace da cajin AC guda biyu, suna isar da matakan wutar lantarki har zuwa 7.4 kW akan AC.
Nau'in 2(IEC 62196-2): Mafiyi a Turai, nau'in haɗin haɗin 2 sun zo cikin saiti ɗaya ko matakai uku. Tare da bambance-bambancen daban-daban masu goyan bayan damar caji iri-iri, waɗannan masu haɗin suna kunnaAC cajidaga 3.7 zuwa 22 kW.
Akwai nau'ikan matosai guda biyu don cajin DC:
CCS1(Haɗin Tsarin Cajin, Nau'in 1): Dangane da nau'in mai haɗa nau'in 1, nau'in CCS 1 yana haɗa ƙarin fil biyu don ba da damar cajin cajin DC cikin sauri. Wannan fasaha na iya isar da wutar lantarki har zuwa 350 kW, tare da rage yawan lokacin caji don EVs masu jituwa.
CCS2(Tsarin Cajin Haɗe, Nau'in 2): Daidai da nau'in CCS na 1, wannan haɗin yana dogara ne akan ƙirar nau'in 2 kuma yana ba da zaɓuɓɓukan caji masu dacewa don motocin lantarki na Turai. Tare da ƙarfin cajin sauri na DC har zuwa 350 kW, yana tabbatar da ingantaccen caji don EVs masu jituwa.
CHAdeMO:An haɓaka a Japan, masu haɗin CHAdeMO suna da ƙira na musamman kuma ana amfani da su sosai a ƙasashen Asiya. Waɗannan masu haɗawa suna ba da cajin DC cikin sauri har zuwa 62.5 kW, yana ba da damar yin saurin caji.
Bayan haka, don tabbatar da dacewa tsakanin motoci da kayan aikin caji, ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa sun kafa ƙa'idodin aiwatarwa don masu haɗin EV. Ana rarraba aiwatarwa galibi zuwa hanyoyi huɗu:
Yanayin 1:Wannan ainihin yanayin caji ya ƙunshi caji ta daidaitaccen soket na gida. Koyaya, baya bayar da takamaiman fasalulluka na aminci, yana mai da shi mafi ƙarancin amintaccen zaɓi. Saboda gazawarsa, Yanayin 1 ba a ba da shawarar yin cajin EV na yau da kullun ba.
Yanayin 2:Gina akan Yanayin 1, Yanayin 2 yana gabatar da ƙarin matakan tsaro. Yana fasalta EVSE (Kayan Kayan Kayan Wutar Lantarki) tare da ginanniyar sarrafawa da tsarin kariya. Yanayin 2 yana ba da damar yin caji ta hanyar daidaitaccen soket, amma EVSE yana tabbatar da amincin lantarki.
Yanayin 3:Yanayin 3 yana sabunta tsarin caji ta hanyar haɗa tashoshin caji da aka keɓe. Ya dogara da takamaiman nau'in haɗin haɗi da fasalin damar sadarwa tsakanin abin hawa da tashar caji. Wannan yanayin yana ba da ingantaccen aminci da abin dogaro da caji.
Yanayin 4:Ana amfani da shi da farko don cajin DC cikin sauri, Yanayin 4 yana mai da hankali kan caji mai ƙarfi kai tsaye ba tare da caja na kan jirgi ba. Yana buƙatar takamaiman nau'in haɗi don kowaneev caji tashar.
Tare da nau'ikan masu haɗawa daban-daban da hanyoyin aiwatarwa, yana da mahimmanci a lura da ƙarfin aiki da ƙarfin lantarki a kowane yanayi. Waɗannan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai sun bambanta a cikin yankuna, suna shafar saurin gudu da ingancin suEV caji.
Yayin da tallafi na EV ke ci gaba da karuwa a duniya, yunƙurin daidaita masu haɗa caji suna samun ƙarfi. Manufar ita ce a kafa ma'aunin caji na duniya wanda ke ba da damar yin aiki mara kyau tsakanin ababen hawa da kayan aikin caji, ba tare da la'akari da wurin ba.
Ta hanyar sanin kanmu da nau'ikan masu haɗa cajin EV iri-iri, ƙa'idodin aiwatar da su, da yanayin caji, masu amfani da EV za su iya yanke shawara mafi kyau idan aka zo batun cajin motocin su. Tare da sauƙaƙan, daidaitattun zaɓuɓɓukan caji, canzawa zuwa motsi na lantarki ya zama mafi dacewa da jan hankali ga daidaikun mutane a duk duniya.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba 18-2023